Rabbits have been commonly kept as pets in Western nations since the 1800s. Rabbits can adjust well to life indoors, and can even be litter box trained. Like all pets, rabbits need a significant amount of care and attention.

People often purchase rabbits from a breeder. Such a breeder who has a litter of young rabbits available for sale can be found in the newspaper classified ads listed under "Pets" or "Livestock." Some can be found through rabbit breeders’ club publications or through rabbit-related magazines, which often include a breeder listing. With the advent of the Internet, many breeders publicize their stock online.

Finding a local rabbit breeder is generally preferred to shipping rabbits over long distances, as it can be traumatic for the animal. Many pet shops nearly always carry smaller breeds of rabbit such as the Netherland dwarf, the Holland lop, and the Mini-Rex. These breeds, although smaller than ‘normal’ rabbits, still live long and healthy lives. A point to note is that often smaller breeds of rabbits are prone to teeth problems such as malocclusion.

Rabbit rescue organizations or a local humane society are increasingly common places to find adult rabbits, who may already be spayed or neutered and docile from handling. Though most rescued rabbits are healthy, some may well require special care for health conditions or behavioural problems resulting from prior ill-treatment.

Training and Play

Pet rabbits can be trained to urinate and defecate in a litter box or on a newspaper in a specific corner of a room. The litter box may also be placed inside the rabbit’s cage or the rabbit can be trained to treat the cage itself as the litter box. Litter training becomes much easier once a rabbit is spayed or neutered.

Rabbits cannot learn voice commands like a dog, but can distinguish different patterns of the voice. For instance, If a rabbit is disobeying, for example biting, just make a high pitched noise, or an extremely bass noise and the message will be conveyed. Rabbits can be taught their names, although they recognize the pattern of the noises more then the words. Rabbits are intelligent, and enjoy games and toys.

It is possible to permit a rabbit to roam freely in the house if rooms have been rabbit-proofed (i.e. dangerous chewable items such as electric cords are removed from the pet’s reach). Rabbits have a tendency to chew on items in their space, particularly wires, although they can be trained not to chew.

It is important that if a rabbit is permitted to wander in a house that it be impossible for the rabbit to chew or get into hazardous or valuable items. They do not enjoy the same comprehension as a dog or a cat, and often don’t understand if punished physically; rather they will become frightened or perplexed if some kind of punishment is used, as they do not see the damage they have done. If all this is taken into consideration, rabbits make excellent house pets.

Companionship

Other rabbits

Unneutered rabbits often fight when paired with an additional rabbit of the same gender. Generally fighting is a result of sexual mounting, which is engaged in by rabbits of both sexes upon other rabbits of either sex; this behaviour stresses the rabbit being mounted and can make it aggressive toward its cagemate. Unneutered rabbits of opposing sexes will reproduce quickly, so a pet owner should not leave them together, even if they do not fight.
Because of these problems, it used to be preferred to keep rabbits caged individually.

However, it is becoming customary to spay and neuter pet rabbits allowing male and female rabbits to live together. Fighting can result even from pairing altered rabbits. Keeping rabbits in pairs can curb behavioural issues (such as general aggression, biting or withdrawal) which may occur if rabbits are kept single.

Pairs of bonded and desexed rabbits, usually one of each gender to a pair, can often be adopted from animal shelters. These have usually already had all their major expenses taken care of (desexing) and they will rarely fight or harass each other, taking the trouble out of bonding two separate rabbits.

Guinea pigs

A number of books propose keeping rabbits and guinea pigs together to meet their social needs. While some people have seen success with this technique, the current consensus is that rabbits should never be kept in the same cage with guinea pigs. A rabbit can easily harass or injure a guinea pig; this can lead to severe distress or even death for the guinea pig. It may be accidental or due to being startled, since the rabbit is larger and stronger so can gravely injure a guinea pig.

They also have differing dietary requirements, so it is therefore preferable that rabbits and guinea pigs are given small animal treats independently. Guinea pigs require additional Vitamin C in their diets that rabbits don’t and a lack of Vitamin C may lead to scurvy.

In addition, guinea pigs typically show very little interest in social activities necessary for the rabbit’s well-being, such as grooming; this limits the intended benefit of housing the guinea pig and rabbit together in the first place.

Dogs and cats

It is usually recommended that dogs must on no account be left alone with rabbits as their predatory instincts (or overenthusiastic play) can lead to the dog attacking the rabbit spontaneously. Cats, on the other hand, can become close and safe potential companions if properly introduced to the rabbit and they are of at least roughly corresponding size. In fact, when the cat is introduced in a home with a resident rabbit, the rabbit every now and then will show aggression to confirm his territory and the cat, which does not have such concerns, will typically concede the point to the resident.